Different definitions of energy poverty draw on different understandings of its causes, which leads to different interventions. Acknowledging the call for clarity in recognizing the multiple aspects of what energy poverty entails and its equally diverse definitions, this research is underpinned by the evolution of its concept and the social dimensions contained within. Energy poverty is also a critical element for the exploration of vulnerability within energy and climate policy at all levels and thus remains a crucial factor in enabling the different approaches to address it, particularly from a sociological context, as it is linked to the notions of energy citizenship, energy justice, and energy democracy. The development, application and evaluation of societal engagement methods targeting low-income households intends to explore the potential solutions for addressing vulnerability from an energy perspective and deliver an overarching framework for engaging with vulnerable groups, aiming to improve their resilience, as well as increase their comfort, health, and overall wellbeing.